What is the greenhouse effect?

26.02.25 | Jakob Tresch

The greenhouse effect is a natural process that keeps our planet warm enough to sustain life. In today’s world, it’s also a major driver of climate change, with direct consequences for food production, supply chains, and the entire agricultural sector. Understanding its role is crucial for anyone involved in the food industry, whether you’re a farmer, processor, manufacturer, or retailer.

How does the Greenhouse Effect work?

The greenhouse effect occurs when gases in the Earth’s atmosphere trap heat from the sun. Instead of allowing all the heat to escape back into space, certain gases like carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), or nitrous oxide (N₂O) hold onto it, warming the planet. This effect is necessary for life, but human activities, particularly those related to agriculture and food production, have intensified it beyond natural levels, leading to rising global temperatures.

How Is the Food Industry Contributing?

Food production is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions. Livestock Farming impact emissions with cattle and other ruminants release methane, a gas that traps heat 25 times more effectively than CO₂. Fertilizer application in agriculture also contributes. Synthetic fertilizers release nitrous oxide, which has an even higher warming potential than methane. Also, large areas of forests are cleared for agriculture, reducing the planet’s ability to absorb CO₂. Deforestation is especially problematic when sourcing products from the global south, such as palm oil, cocoa or tropical fruits. Finally, Processing & Transportation and other steps in the supply chain, have an energy footprint and are often relying on fossil fuels.

The food industry is both a contributor to and a victim of climate change. Rising temperatures, shifting weather patterns, and extreme climate events disrupt agricultural yields, increase the prevalence of pests and diseases, and threaten food security. For businesses, these disruptions can mean supply chain volatility, price fluctuations, and changing consumer expectations.